Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the oesophagus, irritating its lining. The most common symptom of GORD is persistent heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest or throat that often worsens after eating, lying down, or at night. Another hallmark symptom is acid regurgitation, where sour or bitter-tasting acid rises into the throat or mouth, sometimes accompanied by excessive burping.

Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), a sensation of a lump in the throat, or chest discomfort that may mimic heart pain. GORD can also cause non-digestive symptoms such as chronic cough, hoarseness, or worsening asthma symptoms. In severe cases, GORD may lead to nausea, vomiting, or damage to the oesophagus, resulting in bleeding or scarring.

Occasional heartburn is common. It may be triggered by a large meal or certain foods or drinks, like onions, chilli, chocolate, citrus, fatty foods , coffee or alcohol. Being overweight or pregnant, smoking, stress and anxiety and certain medications may also give you heartburn.

Although heartburn is common, you should see your doctor if –

  • Heartburn occurs more than twice a week or persists despite lifestyle changes or over-the-counter medications.
  • You experience difficulty swallowing or feel like food is stuck in your throat.
  • Symptoms disrupt your sleep or daily life.
  • There is unexplained weight loss, vomiting, or blood in your vomit or stools.
  • You have chest pain, especially if it radiates to your arm, neck, or jaw, as this could indicate a heart-related issue.

The symptoms of GORD can have a significant impact on one’s quality of life. Lifestyle changes can make a difference and there are effective medications available. Treating GORD is important as longstanding GORD can lead to complications, like strictures or Barrett’s oesophagus.

Your doctor may refer you for a gastroscopy. A gastroscopy is valuable for diagnosing and managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) by providing a clear view of the oesophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine. It detects complications and helps rule out conditions mimicking GORD, such as ulcers or gastric cancer. Biopsies can confirm Barrett’s oesophagus or test for infections like H. pylori. For persistent or severe symptoms, such as difficulty swallowing, weight loss, or bleeding, gastroscopy aids in early detection of serious issues and ensures precise, tailored treatment to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Disclaimer – This article is for general information and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional advice. Always consult a registered health professional regarding any health-related diagnosis or treatment options.